R2A agar is also known as Reasoner’s 2A agar after one of the scientists who developed the formulation.
R2A is a low nutrition medium used to assess the bacterial condition of drinking water and process water. Incubating at lower temperatures for longer periods has found the medium to be effective in recovering stressed or damaged organisms.
The medium’s nutritionally reduced formulation consists of:
Typical formulation: | g/ltr |
Yeast extract | 0.5 |
Proteose peptone | 0.5 |
Casein hydrolysate | 0.5 |
Glucose | 0.5 |
Starch | 0.5 |
Di-potassium phosphate | 0.3 |
Magnesium sulphate | 0.024 |
Sodium pyruvate | 0.3 |
Agar | 15.0 |
Fresh pH 7.2 ±0.2
The main application for R2A agar is for the bacterial examination of drinking water. However, it has become a medium of choice for assessing microbial contamination in processed water within pharmaceutical manufacturing. The mediums low nutritive value is specifically suited for recovery of organisms stressed or damaged by sanitisation processes.
The prepared media is light straw in colour with a slightly opaque appearance.
R2A agar is recommended for the isolation and recovery of aerobic and facultative heterotrophic bacteria.
A typical set of control organisms are:
Morphology |
Gram |
Biochemical test |
|||||
Organism |
Edge |
Shape |
Colour |
Gram |
Shape |
Catalase |
Oxidase |
Staphylococcus aureus |
Smooth |
Regular |
Cream |
Positive |
Cocci |
Positive |
Negative |
Escherichia coli |
Smooth |
Regular |
Cream |
Negative |
Rods |
Positive |
Negative |
Bacillus subtilis |
Irregular |
Irregular |
Cream |
Positive |
Rods |
Positive |
Variable |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
Smooth |
Regular |
Cream |
Negative |
Rods |
Positive |
Positive |
Enterococcus faecalis |
Regular |
Regular |
Cream |
Positive |
Cocci |
Negative |
Negative |
EP Chapter Ref 6.3 Microbiological monitoring of water |
|||
Recommended Culture Media |
Property |
Micro-organisms |
Incubation Time & Temp |
R2A |
Growth promotion |
Bacillus subtilis Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
30-35ºC for < 3 days |
Comparative Analysis of Petri Dish Variation in Flow Rate for Air Sampling. This extended report aims to further investigate the variations in flow rate observed in petri dishes used for air sampling, focusing on the potential factors contributing to these fluctuations.
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